An Analysis of Citation Counts of ETRI‐Invented US Patents

From its foundation until 2004, ETRI has registered over 1,000 US patents. This letter analyzes the characteristics of these patents and addresses the explanatory factors affecting their citation counts. For explanatory variables, research team related variables, invention specific variables, and geographical domain related variables are suggested. Zero‐altered count data models are used to test the impact of independent variables. A key finding is that technological cumulativeness, the scale of invention, outputs in the electronic field, and the degree of dependence on the US technology domain positively affect the citation counts of ETRI‐invented US patents. The magnitude of international presence appears to negatively affect the citation counts of ETRI‐invented US patents.     

The Intellectual Development of Science and Engineering Students. Part 2: Teaching to Promote Growth

As college students experience the challenges of their classes and extracurricular activities, they undergo a developmental progression in which they gradually relinquish their belief in the certainty of knowledge and the omniscience of authorities and take increasing responsibility for their own learning. At the highest developmental level normally seen in college students (which few attain before graduation), they display attitudes and thinking patterns resembling those of expert scientists and engineers, including habitually and skillfully gathering and analyzing evidence to support their judgments. This paper proposes an instructional model designed to provide a suitable balance of challenge and support to advance students to that level. The model components are (1) variety and choice of learning tasks; (2) explicit communication and explanation of expectations; (3) modeling, practice, and constructive feedback on high‐level tasks; (4) a student‐centered instructional environment; and (5) respect for students at all levels of development.     

在基于MPLS的层次化移动IP网络中支持DiffServ的研究

MPLS支持DiffServ、流量工程,能为网络提供较好的QoS保证,而移动IP(MIP)能为移动设备提供较好的移动性支持。文章探讨了在无线接入网中MPLS和MIP结合实现DiffServ的方案,并给出了一种在基于MPLS的层次化MIP网络结构中支持DiffServ的体系结构,设计了其节点功能模型和关键协议。方案中利用了层次化结构的区域注册和重路由机制,减少了切换时延和网络的信令负荷。     

柳钢新建氧化球团工程的设计特点

介绍了柳钢新建120万t／a链篦机-回转窑氧化球团工程的主要设计特点。该工程是我国第一条自行设计、设备国产化和采用清洁气体能源的链篦机-回转窑生产线。它的顺利投产，标志着我国炼铁炉料生产技术有了一个新的进步。     

Optimal Control of the Primary Drying Stage of Freeze Drying of Solutions in Vials Using Variational Calculus

The problem of operating freeze drying of pharmaceutical products in vials placed in trays of a freeze dryer to remove free water (in frozen state) at a minimum time was formulated as an optimal control problem. Two different types of freeze dryer designs were considered. In type I freeze dryer design, upper and lower plate temperatures were controlled together, while in type II freeze dryer design, upper and lower plate temperatures were controlled independently. The heat input to the material being dried and the drying chamber pressure were considered as control variables. Constraints were placed on the system state variables by the melting and scorch temperatures during primary drying stage. Necessary conditions of optimality for the primary drying stage of freeze drying process in vials are derived and presented. Furthermore, an approach for constructing the optimal control policies that would minimize the drying time for the primary drying stage was given. In order to analyze optimal control policy for the primary drying stage of the freeze-drying process in vials, a rigorous multi-dimensional unsteady state mathematical model was used. The theoretical approach presented in this work was applied in the freeze drying of skim milk. Significant reductions in the drying times of primary drying stage of freeze drying process in vials were obtained, as compared to the drying times obtained from conventional operational policies.     

热管传热性能对小型热管换热器散热效能影响

在零重力辅助下,小热管热阻是小型热管换热器散热效能的重要影响因素之一。基于集总参数法对于换热器系统数值计算的高效性思想,建立了热管、热管换热器的集总参数模型。对同一热管换热器选用不同传热性能的热管,在不同传热温差和流体质量流速下,就其散热效能进行了数值计算。计算结果表明,在零重力辅助下,热管换热器管内热阻存在一临界值Rcri。当热阻RHP≤Rcri时,管外热阻起主导作用,热管换热器的散热效能εh几乎不随热管管内热阻的值而变化。     

地震平衡技术及其在地震反演中的应用

地震平衡技术是一种在地震反演中改善井震关系的新技术。它通过单井对比、空间分形建模以及平衡处理的手段 ,克服地震反演中子波空变的影响 ,使得经过地震平衡技术处理的地震剖面井震关系得到较好改善 ,从而可以用统一的子波对研究区的地震资料进行反演     

基于高速分散的烟火药剂制备工艺

探索高速分散的烟火药剂制备工艺，分析了高速分散制备工艺中的安全性。在实际应用中，此种工艺所制备的烟火药剂有燃烧精度高的优点。     

铁路罐车密闭装车计量系统的运行分析

从中国石化股份公司济南分公司新上铁路罐车密闭装车计量系统的背景出发，阐述该系统的设计思想和组成；通过分析实际运行过程中仪表比对数据，讨论影响仪表贸易交接准确性的各种因素，提出相应的解决方法；最后通过铁路罐车密闭装车计量系统投用效果。证实该系统可产生明显的经济效益。